Industrial ecology

Industrial ecology (IE) is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems. The global industrial economy can be modelled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the Earth and transform those resources into by-products, products and services which can be bought and sold to meet the needs of humanity. Industrial ecology seeks to quantify the material flows and document the industrial processes that make modern society function.

Extends: [Industrial ecology](https://wikipedia.org.ai/Industrial ecology), [Industrial engineering](https://wikipedia.org.ai/Industrial engineering), [Systems ecology](https://wikipedia.org.ai/Systems ecology), [Environmental economics](https://wikipedia.org.ai/Environmental economics)